DAMPAK NEGATIF DAN POSITIF PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN MILENIAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53363/buss.v3i3.181Keywords:
Media sosial, Narisisme, Kinerja kerja, burnout, knowledge transfer, narcissism, work performance, millennials, Social media, kelelahan, transfer pengetahuan, narsismeAbstract
This study aims to expand the literature on the impact of social media use on organizations, particularly among millennials, by proposing a model and validating the positive and negative impacts of social media on millennial work performance. The study also examined the role of narcissistic personality (as a characteristic of some millennial employees) in social media use in the workplace. This study used an online survey to collect data from millennial employees in Indonesia. The analysis used partial least squares structural equation (PLS-SEM) models and IBM® SPSS and SmartPLS software. Results from the analysis showed (1) significant indirect positive relationships between social media and work performance through social capital (i.e., network ties, shared vision, and trust) and knowledge transfer; (2) There is a significant relationship between millennial narcissistic personality and workplace social media use. The results also suggested that social media has an association with negative impacts, such as work pressure and burnout, meaning social media use will make users feel pressured about work and hold back energy due to burnout. However, there is no evidence that this negative impact has a significant effect on millennial work performance.
Downloads
References
P. M. Leonardi, J. W. Treem, and M. H. Jackson, “The Connectivity Paradox: Using Technology to Both Decrease and Increase Perceptions of Distance in Distributed Work Arrangements,” J. Appl. Commun. Res., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 85–105, 2010.
We Are Social & Hootsuite, “Digital 2019,” We Are Soc. Hootsuite, p. 76, 2019.
C. Raines, “Managing Millennials,” in Connecting Generation: The Sourcebook, 2002.
J. W. Westerman, J. Z. Bergman, S. M. Bergman, and J. P. Daly, “Are universities creating millennial narcissistic employees? an empirical examination of narcissism in business students and its implications,” J. Manag. Educ., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 5–32, 2012.
L. E. Buffardi and W. K. Campbell, “Narcissism and social networking web sites,” Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull., vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 1303–1314, 2008.
A. Jackson, J. A. Yates, and W. Orlikowski, “Corporate blogging: Building community through persistent digital talk,” Proc. Annu. Hawaii Int. Conf. Syst. Sci., pp. 1–10, 2007.
V. M. González and G. Mark, “‘Constant, constant, multi-tasking craziness,’” no. January, pp. 113–120, 2004.
Q. R. Jett and J. M. George, “Work interrupted: A closer look at the role of interruptions in organizational life,” Acad. Manag. Rev., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 494–507, 2003.
W. van Zoonen and R. E. Rice, “Paradoxical implications of personal social media use for work,” New Technol. Work Employ., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 228–246, 2017.
S. M. Bergman, M. E. Fearrington, S. W. Davenport, and J. Z. Bergman, “Millennials, narcissism, and social networking: What narcissists do on social networking sites and why,” Pers. Individ. Dif., vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 706–711, 2011.
H. M. Wallace and R. F. Baumeister, “The performance of narcissists rises and falls with perceived opportunity for glory,” J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., vol. 82, no. 5, pp. 819–834, 2002.
X. Cao, X. Guo, D. R. Vogel, H. Liu, and J. Gu, “Understanding the influence of social media in the workplace: An integration of media synchronicity and social capital theories,” Proc. Annu. Hawaii Int. Conf. Syst. Sci., pp. 3938–3947, 2012.
I. Leftheriotis and M. N. Giannakos, “Using social media for work: Losing your time or improving your work?,” Comput. Human Behav., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 134–142, 2014.
X. Cao, X. Guo, D. Vogel, and X. Zhang, “Exploring the influence of social media on employee work performance,” Internet Res., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 529–545, 2016.
A. B. Guha, “Motivators and Hygiene Factors of Generation X and Generation Y-The Test of...: Discovery Service for Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology,” 2010.
S. de Hauw and A. de Vos, “Millennials’ career perspective and psychological contract expectations: Does the recession lead to lowered expectations?,” J. Bus. Psychol., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 293–302, 2010.
J. J. Deal, D. G. Altman, and S. G. Rogelberg, “Millennials at work: What we know and what we need to do (if anything),” J. Bus. Psychol., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 191–199, 2010.
R. P. Brown and V. Zeigler-Hill, “Narcissism and the non-equivalence of self-esteem measures: A matter of dominance?,” J. Res. Pers., vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 585–592, 2004.
W. K. Campbell and C. A. Foster, “Narcissism and commitment in romantic relationships: An investment model analysis,” Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 484–495, 2002.
M. T. Gabriel, J. W. Critelli, and J. S. Ee, “Narcissistic Illusions in Self?Evaluations of Intelligence and Attractiveness,” J. Pers., vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 143–155, 1994.
O. P. John and R. W. Robins, “Accuracy and Bias in Self-Perception: Individual Differences in Self-Enhancement and the Role of Narcissism,” J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 206–219, 1994.
D. M. Buss and L. M. Chiodo, “Narcissistic Acts in Everyday Life,” J. Pers., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 179–215, 1991.
H. M. Wallace and R. F. Baumeister, “The performance of narcissists rises and falls with perceived opportunity for glory,” J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., vol. 82, no. 5, pp. 819–834, 2002.
S. Vazire and S. D. Gosling, “e-Perceptions: Personality impressions based on personal websites,” J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 123–132, 2004.
E. Y. L. Ong et al., “Narcissism, extraversion and adolescents’ self-presentation on Facebook,” Pers. Individ. Dif., vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 180–185, 2011.
C. M. Chiu, M. H. Hsu, and E. T. G. Wang, “Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities: An integration of social capital and social cognitive theories,” Decis. Support Syst., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 1872–1888, 2006.
J. M. DiMicco, W. Geyer, D. R. Millen, C. Dugan, and B. Brownholtz, “People sensemaking and relationship building on an enterprise social network site,” Proc. 42nd Annu. Hawaii Int. Conf. Syst. Sci. HICSS, pp. 1–10, 2009.
S. Smith, “The creative uses of Facebook as a tool for artistic collaboration,” Electron. Vis. Arts 2009 London Conf., no. July, pp. 181–191, 2009.
J. A. Wagner, “Studies of Individualism-Collectivism?: Effects on Cooperation in Groups,” Acad. Manag. Journa, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 152–172, 1995.
S. Valenzuela, N. Park, and K. F. Kee, “Is There social capital in a social network site?: Facebook use and college student’s life satisfaction, trust, and participation1,” J. Comput. Commun., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 875–901, 2009.
R. Gulati, “Does Familiarity Breed Trust? The Implications of Repeated Ties for Contractual Choice in Alliances,” Acad. Manag. J., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 85–112, 1995.
K. Newton, “Social and Political Trust in Established Democracies,” in Critical citizens: Global support for democratic government, Pippa Noris, Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 169–188.
N. B. Ellison, C. Steinfield, and C. Lampe, “The benefits of Facebook ‘friends’: social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites,” J. Comput. Commun., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1143–1168, 2007.
S. R. Barley, D. E. Meyerson, and S. Grodal, “E-mail as a source and symbol of stress,” Organ. Sci., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 887–906, 2011.
N. Chesley, “Blurring Boundaries?? Linking Technology Use , Spillover , Individual Distress , and Family Satisfaction,” J. Marriage Fam., vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 1237–1248, 2005.
F. Green and S. McIntosh, “The intensification of work in Europe,” Labour Econ., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 291–308, 2001.
C. L. Ter Hoeven, W. Van Zoonen, and K. L. Fonner, “The practical paradox of technology: The influence of communication technology use on employee burnout and engagement,” Commun. Monogr., vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 239–263, 2016.
N. Chesley, “Information and communication technology use, work intensification and employee strain and distress,” Work. Employ. Soc., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 589–610, 2014.
J. F. Stich, M. Tarafdar, C. L. Cooper, and P. Stacey, “Workplace stress from actual and desired computer-mediated communication use: a multi-method study,” New Technol. Work Employ., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 84–100, 2017.
J. E. Katz and M. Aakhus, Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
W. van Zoonen, J. W. M. Verhoeven, and R. Vliegenthart, “How employees use Twitter to talk about work: A typology of work-related tweets,” Comput. Human Behav., vol. 55, pp. 329–339, 2016.
M. Bittman, J. E. Brown, and J. Wajcman, “The mobile phone, perpetual contact and time pressure,” Work. Employ. Soc., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 673–691, 2009.
W. Van Zoonen, J. W. M. Verhoeven, and R. Vliegenthart, “Social Media and Boundary Conflicts,” J. Manag. Psychol., vol. 31, no. 8, 2016.
J. Nahapiet and S. Goshal, “Creating organizational capital through intellectual and social capital,” Acad. Manag. Rev., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 242–266, 1998.
A. Larson, “Network Dyads in Entrepreneurial Settings: A Study of the Governance of Exchange Relationships,” Adm. Sci. Q., vol. 37, no. 1, p. 76, 1992.
W. S. Chow and L. S. Chan, “Social network, social trust and shared goals in organizational knowledge sharing,” Inf. Manag., vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 458–465, 2008.
Y. Luo, “Guanxi?: Principles , Philosophies , and Implications Guanxi?: Principles , philosophies , and implications,” no. January 1997, 2016.
W. Tsai and S. Ghoshal, “Social Capital and Value Creation: A Replication of The Role of Intrafirm Networks,” Acad. Manag. J., vol. 41, no. 4, 1998.
D. Z. Levin and R. Cross, “The strength of weak ties you can trust: The mediating role of trust in effective knowledge transfer,” Manage. Sci., vol. 50, no. 11, pp. 1477–1490, 2004.
M. Dodgson, “Learning, trust, and technological collaboration,” Human Relations, vol. 46, no. 1. pp. 77–95, 1993.
K. M. Andrews and B. L. Delahaye, “Influences on knowledge processes in organizational learning: The psychosocial filter,” J. Manag. Stud., vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 797–810, 2000.
A. Zaheer, B. McEvily, and V. Perrone, “Does Trust Matter? Exploring the Effects of Interorganizational and Interpersonal Trust on Performance,” Organ. Sci., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 141–159, 1998.
W. B. Schaufeli, A. B. Bakker, and V. R. Willem, “How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism,” J. Organ. Behav., vol. 30, no. January 2009, 2009.
E. Demerouti, A. B. Bakker, and A. J. Bulters, “The loss spiral of work pressure, work-home interference and exhaustion: Reciprocal relations in a three-wave study,” J. Vocat. Behav., vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 131–149, 2004.
A. B. Bakker, E. Demerouti, and A. I. Sanz-Vergel, “Burnout and Work Engagement: The JD–R Approach,” Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 389–411, 2014.
A. H. De Lange, T. W. Taris, M. A. J. Kompier, I. L. D. Houtman, and P. M. Bongers, “The relationships between work characteristics and mental health: Examining normal, reversed and reciprocal relationships in a 4-wave study,” Work Stress, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 149–166, 2004.
G. Stasser and W. Titus, “Pooling of Unshared Information in Group Decision Making: Biased Information Sampling During Discussion. [Miscellaneous Article],” J. Personal. Soc. Psychol., vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 1467–1478, 1985.
H. P. Andres and R. W. Zmud, “A contingency approach to software project coordination", Journal of Management Information Systems,” J. Manag. Inf. Syst., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 41–70, 2002.
S. E. Hobfoll, “Conservation of Resources,” Am. Psychol., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 513–524, 1989.
L. Tourigny, V. V. Baba, J. Han, and X. Wang, “Emotional exhaustion and job performance: The mediating role of organizational commitment,” Int. J. Hum. Resour. Manag., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 514–532, 2012.
V. V. Baba, L. Tourigny, X. Wang, and W. Liu, “Proactive personality and work performance in China: The moderating effects of emotional exhaustion and perceived safety climate,” Can. J. Adm. Sci., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 23–37, 2009.
J. R. B. Halbesleben and W. M. Bowler, “Emotional exhaustion and job performance: The mediating role of motivation,” J. Appl. Psychol., vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 93–106, 2007.
L.-Y. Sun and W. Pan, “HR Practices Perceptions, Emotional Exhaustion, and Work Outcomes: A Conservation-ofResources Theory in the Chinese Context,” Hum. Resour. Dev. Q., vol. 18, no. 1, 2008.
L. Hildreth, “Residual analysis for structural equation modeling,” Iowa State University, 2013.
J. F. Hair, G. T. M. Hult, C. M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt, A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage, 2014.
J. F. Hair, C. M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt, “PLS-SEM?: indeed a silver bullet,” J. Mark. Theory Pract., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 139–151, 2011.
J. F. Hair, W. C. Black, B. J. Babin, and R. E. Anderson, Multivariate Data Analysis, 7th ed., vol. 16, no. 1. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2014.
M. Sarstedt, J. F. Hair, C. M. Ringle, K. O. Thiele, and S. P. Gudersan, “Estimation Issues with PLS and CBSEM: Where The Bias Lies!,” J. Bus. Res., vol. 69, pp. 3998–4010, 2016.
H. F. Kaiser, “The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis.,” Psychometrika, vol. 23, no. 3, 1958.
J. C. Nunally, psychometric theory, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978.
R. . Bagozzi and Y. Yi, “On The Evaluation of Structural Equation Models,” J. Acad. Mark. Sci., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 79–44, 1988.
J. Henseler, C. M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt, “A New Criterion for Assesing Discriminant Validity in Variance-based Structural Equation Modeling,” J. Acad. Mark. Sci., vol. 43, pp. 115–135, 2015.
A. H. Gold, A. Malhotra, and A. . Segars, “Knowledge Management: An Organizational Capabilities Perspective,” J. Manag. Inf. Syst., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 185–214, 2001.
S. Singh, S. D. Farley, and J. J. Donahue, “Grandiosity on display: Social media behaviors and dimensions of narcissism,” Pers. Individ. Dif., vol. 134, no. March, pp. 308–313, 2018.
C. Maslach and S. E. Jackson, “The measurement of experienced burnout,” J. Organ. Behav., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 99–113, 1981.
T. A. Wright and R. Cropanzano, “Emotional exhaustion as a predictor of job performance and voluntary turnover,” J. Appl. Psychol., vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 486–493, 1998.
R. Cropanzano, D. E. Rupp, and Z. S. Byrne, “The relationship of emotional exhaustion to work attitudes, job performance, and organizational citizenship behaviors,” J. Appl. Psychol., vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 160–169, 2003.
R. P. Ang and A. Raine, “Reliability, Validity and Invariance of the Narcissistic Personality Questionnaire for Children-Revised (NPQC-R),” J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess., vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 143–151, 2009.
R. Raskin and H. Terry, “A Principal-Components Analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and Further Evidence of Its Construct Validity,” J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 890–902, 1988.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Adhadian Akbar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
